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II. SENTENCE PRACTICE: Oral Exercises

NOTE: Long sentences are often formed by using a connecting word or se to join, two
(or more) statements. The connecting word or phrase usually identifies a relationship
between the two statements. Compare the connectors used in the following
sentences.
(1) The northern hemisphere has summer when the southern hemisphere has winter.

(when = at the same time)

(2) The earth is rotating around its own axis while it is revolving around the sun. (while =
at the same time; frequently used with "-ing" verbs)

(3) Temperature decreases as altitude or height above sea level increases. (as = at the
same time, with the idea of gradually or step by step)

(4) Weather is discussed in nontechnical terms by all people since everybody experiences
the weather conditions them throughout their lives. (since = because, for this reason, etc.)

(5) Maritime air moves over the continents and continental air moves over the seas and
oceans. (and = both events happen; i.e. John studies French and his sister stu English.)

(6) The drops get larger and larger and the drops fall as precipitat ion. (and = sequence;
one event fo11owed by another event.)
Other frequently used connectors are:

because= for this reason

when = sequence; i.e., I'll buy a car when I get my driver's license.

since = for this reason; i.e., Since you paid for dinner last night, I'l1 pay tonight.

since = sequence; event 2 began at time specified, i.e., He has been studying English since he
arrived in May.
until = sequence; event 1 continues up to time of event 2.

before= sequence; event 1 occurred before event 2.

after= sequence; event 2 occurred after event 1.

so = reason; i.e., He bought a camera so he could send pictures home.

at the same time

whenever = event 2 occurs each time event 1 occurs.
Unless = event 2 does/doesn't occur except when event/condition does/doesn't occur.