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AFMAN15-111 12 MARCH 2019 23

4.11.2. WFs/Dets should make use of existing detailed installation maps to determine marker
distances while creating/updating visibility reference tools. Additional tools that may be
available are military grid reference system maps, map display software/websites, laser range
finder equipment, global positioning system, etc. If needed, WFs/Dets can submit a work order
to survey the markers through the local Civil Engineering or Army equivalent agency.

4.11.3. The most suitable daytime markers are prominent dark or nearly dark colored objects
(e.g., buildings, chimneys, wash-racks, hills, etc.) observed against a light-colored background;
preferably the horizon sky. When using an object located in front of a terrestrial background,
use caution when the object is located closer to the point of observation than it is to the
terrestrial background.
4.11.4. The most suitable nighttime visibility markers are unfocused lights of moderate
intensity. Runway course lights as well as TV/radio/water tower obstruction lights make good
markers. Note: Do not use focused lights such as airway beacons due to their intensity.

Figure 4.1. Example Visibility Checkpoint Photograph.

4.11.5. Control Tower Visibility Aids. AFI 13-204, Volume 3, requires control towers to
maintain a visibility checkpoint chart or list of visibility markers posted in the tower. Upon
request, WFs/Dets will provide whatever assistance is necessary to help prepare a chart or
markers of suitable objects for determining tower visibility. (T-3).
4.12. Aircraft Mishap. Upon notification of an aircraft mishap, WFs/Dets will:

4.12.1. Immediately encode and disseminate a full element SPECI in accordance with
Attachment 2. (T-1). Note: A SPECI is not required for an in-flight emergency (IFE);
however, this should alert weather personnel to be prepared to take a SPECI if the IFE becomes
a mishap.
4.12.2. Follow locally developed guidance and procedures in AFMAN 15-129V2, Air and
Space Weather Operations – Exploitation, to collect and save data related to the mishap. (T-
1).